Assert#

稳定性:2 - 稳定

源代码: lib/assert.js

node:assert 模块提供了一组断言函数,用于验证不变式。

严格断言模式#

在严格断言模式下,非严格方法的行为类似于其对应的严格方法。例如,assert.deepEqual() 的行为将类似于 assert.deepStrictEqual()

在严格断言模式下,对象的错误消息会显示差异。在传统断言模式下,对象的错误消息会显示对象,通常会被截断。

要使用严格断言模式

import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert';const assert = require('node:assert').strict;
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

示例错误差异

import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert';

assert.deepEqual([[[1, 2, 3]], 4, 5], [[[1, 2, '3']], 4, 5]);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected ... Lines skipped
//
//   [
//     [
// ...
//       2,
// +     3
// -     '3'
//     ],
// ...
//     5
//   ]const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.deepEqual([[[1, 2, 3]], 4, 5], [[[1, 2, '3']], 4, 5]);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected ... Lines skipped
//
//   [
//     [
// ...
//       2,
// +     3
// -     '3'
//     ],
// ...
//     5
//   ]

要停用颜色,请使用 NO_COLORNODE_DISABLE_COLORS 环境变量。这也会停用 REPL 中的颜色。有关终端环境中颜色支持的更多信息,请阅读 tty getColorDepth() 文档。

传统断言模式#

传统断言模式在

中使用 == 运算符

import assert from 'node:assert';const assert = require('node:assert');

要使用传统断言模式

// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError in legacy assertion mode!
assert.deepEqual(/a/gi, new Date()); 

传统断言模式可能会产生意外的结果,尤其是在使用 assert.deepEqual() 时。

  • 类: assert.AssertionError[src]#

继承: <errors.Error>

表示断言失败。node:assert 模块抛出的所有错误都将是 AssertionError 类的实例。

  • 添加于: v0.1.21
    • options <Object>
    • message <string> 如果提供,错误消息将设置为该值。
    • actual <any> 错误实例上的 actual 属性。
    • expected <any> 错误实例上的 expected 属性。
    • operator <string> 错误实例上的 operator 属性。

stackStartFn <Function> 如果提供,生成的堆栈跟踪将省略此函数之前的帧。

Error 的子类,表示断言失败。

import assert from 'node:assert';

// Generate an AssertionError to compare the error message later:
const { message } = new assert.AssertionError({
  actual: 1,
  expected: 2,
  operator: 'strictEqual',
});

// Verify error output:
try {
  assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
} catch (err) {
  assert(err instanceof assert.AssertionError);
  assert.strictEqual(err.message, message);
  assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'AssertionError');
  assert.strictEqual(err.actual, 1);
  assert.strictEqual(err.expected, 2);
  assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'ERR_ASSERTION');
  assert.strictEqual(err.operator, 'strictEqual');
  assert.strictEqual(err.generatedMessage, true);
}const assert = require('node:assert');

// Generate an AssertionError to compare the error message later:
const { message } = new assert.AssertionError({
  actual: 1,
  expected: 2,
  operator: 'strictEqual',
});

// Verify error output:
try {
  assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
} catch (err) {
  assert(err instanceof assert.AssertionError);
  assert.strictEqual(err.message, message);
  assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'AssertionError');
  assert.strictEqual(err.actual, 1);
  assert.strictEqual(err.expected, 2);
  assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'ERR_ASSERTION');
  assert.strictEqual(err.operator, 'strictEqual');
  assert.strictEqual(err.generatedMessage, true);
}

类:assert.CallTracker#

稳定性:0 - 已弃用

此功能已弃用,将在未来版本中删除。请考虑使用其他替代方案,例如 mock 辅助函数。

new assert.CallTracker()#

创建一个新的 CallTracker 对象,可用于跟踪函数是否被调用了特定次数。必须调用 tracker.verify() 才能进行验证。通常的模式是在 process.on('exit') 处理程序中调用它。

import assert from 'node:assert';
import process from 'node:process';

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// callsfunc() must be called exactly 1 time before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 1);

callsfunc();

// Calls tracker.verify() and verifies if all tracker.calls() functions have
// been called exact times.
process.on('exit', () => {
  tracker.verify();
});const assert = require('node:assert');

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// callsfunc() must be called exactly 1 time before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 1);

callsfunc();

// Calls tracker.verify() and verifies if all tracker.calls() functions have
// been called exact times.
process.on('exit', () => {
  tracker.verify();
});

tracker.calls([fn][, exact])#

预计包装函数将被调用 exact 次。如果在调用 tracker.verify() 时函数未被调用 exact 次,则 tracker.verify() 将抛出错误。

import assert from 'node:assert';

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);const assert = require('node:assert');

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);

tracker.getCalls(fn)#

import assert from 'node:assert';

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
callsfunc(1, 2, 3);

assert.deepStrictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc),
                       [{ thisArg: undefined, arguments: [1, 2, 3] }]);const assert = require('node:assert');

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
callsfunc(1, 2, 3);

assert.deepStrictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc),
                       [{ thisArg: undefined, arguments: [1, 2, 3] }]);

tracker.report()#

数组包含有关预期和实际调用次数的信息,这些信息适用于尚未调用预期次数的函数。

import assert from 'node:assert';

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);

// Returns an array containing information on callsfunc()
console.log(tracker.report());
// [
//  {
//    message: 'Expected the func function to be executed 2 time(s) but was
//    executed 0 time(s).',
//    actual: 0,
//    expected: 2,
//    operator: 'func',
//    stack: stack trace
//  }
// ]const assert = require('node:assert');

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);

// Returns an array containing information on callsfunc()
console.log(tracker.report());
// [
//  {
//    message: 'Expected the func function to be executed 2 time(s) but was
//    executed 0 time(s).',
//    actual: 0,
//    expected: 2,
//    operator: 'func',
//    stack: stack trace
//  }
// ]

tracker.reset([fn])#

重置调用跟踪器的调用。如果传递跟踪函数作为参数,则将重置该函数的调用。如果没有传递参数,则将重置所有跟踪函数。

import assert from 'node:assert';

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);

callsfunc();
// Tracker was called once
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 1);

tracker.reset(callsfunc);
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 0);const assert = require('node:assert');

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);

callsfunc();
// Tracker was called once
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 1);

tracker.reset(callsfunc);
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 0);

tracker.verify()#

遍历传递给 tracker.calls() 的函数列表,并对尚未调用预期次数的函数抛出错误。

import assert from 'node:assert';

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);

callsfunc();

// Will throw an error since callsfunc() was only called once.
tracker.verify();const assert = require('node:assert');

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);

callsfunc();

// Will throw an error since callsfunc() was only called once.
tracker.verify();

assert(value[, message])#

assert.ok() 的别名。

assert.deepEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

严格断言模式

assert.deepStrictEqual() 的别名。

传统断言模式

稳定性:3 - Legacy:请改用 assert.deepStrictEqual()

测试 actualexpected 参数之间的深度相等性。请考虑改用 assert.deepStrictEqual()assert.deepEqual() 可能会有令人意外的结果。

深度相等 意味着子对象的枚举“自身”属性也会根据以下规则递归地进行评估。

比较细节#

  • 使用 == 运算符 比较原始值,但 NaN 除外。如果两边都是 NaN,则将其视为相同。
  • 对象类型标签 应该相同。
  • 仅考虑 枚举“自身”属性
  • Error 名称和消息始终进行比较,即使它们不是枚举属性。
  • 对象包装器 既作为对象进行比较,也作为解包的值进行比较。
  • Object 属性是无序比较的。
  • Map 的键和 Set 的项是无序比较的。
  • 当两边不同或两边都遇到循环引用时,递归停止。
  • 实现不测试对象的 [[Prototype]]
  • Symbol 属性不进行比较。
  • WeakMapWeakSet 比较不依赖于它们的值。
  • RegExp 的 lastIndex、flags 和 source 始终进行比较,即使它们不是可枚举属性。

以下示例不会抛出 AssertionError,因为基本类型使用 == 运算符 进行比较。

import assert from 'node:assert';
// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError!

assert.deepEqual('+00000000', false);const assert = require('node:assert');
// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError!

assert.deepEqual('+00000000', false);

"深度" 相等意味着子对象的枚举 "自身" 属性也会被评估。

import assert from 'node:assert';

const obj1 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj2 = {
  a: {
    b: 2,
  },
};
const obj3 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };

assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// OK

// Values of b are different:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual { a: { b: 2 } }

assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// OK

// Prototypes are ignored:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual {}const assert = require('node:assert');

const obj1 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj2 = {
  a: {
    b: 2,
  },
};
const obj3 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };

assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// OK

// Values of b are different:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual { a: { b: 2 } }

assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// OK

// Prototypes are ignored:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual {}

如果值不相等,则会抛出 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则会分配默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出它,而不是 AssertionError

assert.deepStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

测试 actualexpected 参数之间的深度相等。 "深度" 相等意味着子对象的枚举 "自身" 属性也会通过以下规则递归评估。

比较细节#

  • 基本类型值使用 Object.is() 进行比较。
  • 对象类型标签 应该相同。
  • 对象的 [[Prototype]] 使用 === 运算符 进行比较。
  • 仅考虑 枚举“自身”属性
  • Error 名称和消息始终进行比较,即使它们不是枚举属性。
  • 可枚举的自身 Symbol 属性也进行比较。
  • 对象包装器 既作为对象进行比较,也作为解包的值进行比较。
  • Object 属性是无序比较的。
  • Map 的键和 Set 的项是无序比较的。
  • 当两边不同或两边都遇到循环引用时,递归停止。
  • WeakMapWeakSet 比较不依赖于它们的值。有关更多详细信息,请参见下文。
  • RegExp 的 lastIndex、flags 和 source 始终进行比较,即使它们不是可枚举属性。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

// This fails because 1 !== '1'.
assert.deepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
//   {
// +   a: 1
// -   a: '1'
//   }

// The following objects don't have own properties
const date = new Date();
const object = {};
const fakeDate = {};
Object.setPrototypeOf(fakeDate, Date.prototype);

// Different [[Prototype]]:
assert.deepStrictEqual(object, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + {}
// - Date {}

// Different type tags:
assert.deepStrictEqual(date, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 2018-04-26T00:49:08.604Z
// - Date {}

assert.deepStrictEqual(NaN, NaN);
// OK because Object.is(NaN, NaN) is true.

// Different unwrapped numbers:
assert.deepStrictEqual(new Number(1), new Number(2));
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + [Number: 1]
// - [Number: 2]

assert.deepStrictEqual(new String('foo'), Object('foo'));
// OK because the object and the string are identical when unwrapped.

assert.deepStrictEqual(-0, -0);
// OK

// Different zeros:
assert.deepStrictEqual(0, -0);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 0
// - -0

const symbol1 = Symbol();
const symbol2 = Symbol();
assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol1]: 1 });
// OK, because it is the same symbol on both objects.

assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol2]: 1 });
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Inputs identical but not reference equal:
//
// {
//   [Symbol()]: 1
// }

const weakMap1 = new WeakMap();
const weakMap2 = new WeakMap([[{}, {}]]);
const weakMap3 = new WeakMap();
weakMap3.unequal = true;

assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap2);
// OK, because it is impossible to compare the entries

// Fails because weakMap3 has a property that weakMap1 does not contain:
assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap3);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
//   WeakMap {
// +   [items unknown]
// -   [items unknown],
// -   unequal: true
//   }const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

// This fails because 1 !== '1'.
assert.deepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
//   {
// +   a: 1
// -   a: '1'
//   }

// The following objects don't have own properties
const date = new Date();
const object = {};
const fakeDate = {};
Object.setPrototypeOf(fakeDate, Date.prototype);

// Different [[Prototype]]:
assert.deepStrictEqual(object, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + {}
// - Date {}

// Different type tags:
assert.deepStrictEqual(date, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 2018-04-26T00:49:08.604Z
// - Date {}

assert.deepStrictEqual(NaN, NaN);
// OK because Object.is(NaN, NaN) is true.

// Different unwrapped numbers:
assert.deepStrictEqual(new Number(1), new Number(2));
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + [Number: 1]
// - [Number: 2]

assert.deepStrictEqual(new String('foo'), Object('foo'));
// OK because the object and the string are identical when unwrapped.

assert.deepStrictEqual(-0, -0);
// OK

// Different zeros:
assert.deepStrictEqual(0, -0);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 0
// - -0

const symbol1 = Symbol();
const symbol2 = Symbol();
assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol1]: 1 });
// OK, because it is the same symbol on both objects.

assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol2]: 1 });
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Inputs identical but not reference equal:
//
// {
//   [Symbol()]: 1
// }

const weakMap1 = new WeakMap();
const weakMap2 = new WeakMap([[{}, {}]]);
const weakMap3 = new WeakMap();
weakMap3.unequal = true;

assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap2);
// OK, because it is impossible to compare the entries

// Fails because weakMap3 has a property that weakMap1 does not contain:
assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap3);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
//   WeakMap {
// +   [items unknown]
// -   [items unknown],
// -   unequal: true
//   }

如果值不相等,则会抛出一个 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出该实例,而不是 AssertionError

assert.doesNotMatch(string, regexp[, message])#

期望 string 输入不匹配正则表达式。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotMatch('I will fail', /fail/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input was expected to not match the ...

assert.doesNotMatch(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.

assert.doesNotMatch('I will pass', /different/);
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotMatch('I will fail', /fail/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input was expected to not match the ...

assert.doesNotMatch(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.

assert.doesNotMatch('I will pass', /different/);
// OK

如果值匹配,或者 string 参数的类型不是 string,则会抛出一个 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出该实例,而不是 AssertionError

assert.doesNotReject(asyncFn[, error][, message])#

等待 asyncFn promise,或者如果 asyncFn 是一个函数,则立即调用该函数并等待返回的 promise 完成。然后它将检查 promise 是否未被拒绝。

如果 asyncFn 是一个函数,并且它同步抛出错误,则 assert.doesNotReject() 将返回一个带有该错误的被拒绝的 Promise。如果该函数没有返回 promise,则 assert.doesNotReject() 将返回一个带有 ERR_INVALID_RETURN_VALUE 错误的被拒绝的 Promise。在这两种情况下,错误处理程序都会被跳过。

使用 assert.doesNotReject() 实际上没有用,因为捕获拒绝并再次拒绝它没有太大意义。相反,请考虑在不应该拒绝的特定代码路径旁边添加注释,并尽可能保持错误消息的表达力。

如果指定,error 可以是 ClassRegExp 或验证函数。有关更多详细信息,请参阅 assert.throws()

除了异步性质外,等待完成的行为与 assert.doesNotThrow() 相同。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

await assert.doesNotReject(
  async () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  SyntaxError,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

(async () => {
  await assert.doesNotReject(
    async () => {
      throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
    },
    SyntaxError,
  );
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotReject(Promise.reject(new TypeError('Wrong value')))
  .then(() => {
    // ...
  });const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotReject(Promise.reject(new TypeError('Wrong value')))
  .then(() => {
    // ...
  });

assert.doesNotThrow(fn[, error][, message])#

断言函数 fn 不抛出错误。

使用 assert.doesNotThrow() 实际上没有用,因为捕获错误并重新抛出它没有意义。相反,请考虑在不应该抛出错误的特定代码路径旁边添加注释,并尽可能保持错误消息的表达力。

当调用 assert.doesNotThrow() 时,它将立即调用 fn 函数。

如果抛出错误,并且该错误类型与 error 参数指定的类型相同,则会抛出 AssertionError。如果错误类型不同,或者 error 参数未定义,则错误将传播回调用方。

如果指定,error 可以是 ClassRegExp 或验证函数。有关更多详细信息,请参阅 assert.throws()

例如,以下代码将抛出 TypeError,因为断言中没有匹配的错误类型

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  SyntaxError,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  SyntaxError,
);

但是,以下代码将导致带有消息“Got unwanted exception...”的 AssertionError

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  TypeError,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  TypeError,
);

如果抛出 AssertionError 并且为 message 参数提供了值,则 message 的值将附加到 AssertionError 消息中

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  /Wrong value/,
  'Whoops',
);
// Throws: AssertionError: Got unwanted exception: Whoopsconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  /Wrong value/,
  'Whoops',
);
// Throws: AssertionError: Got unwanted exception: Whoops

assert.equal(actual, expected[, message])#

严格断言模式

assert.strictEqual() 的别名。

传统断言模式

稳定性:3 - 遗留:请改用 assert.strictEqual()

使用 == 运算符 测试 actualexpected 参数之间的浅层强制比较。NaN 经过特殊处理,如果两边都是 NaN,则被视为相同。

import assert from 'node:assert';

assert.equal(1, 1);
// OK, 1 == 1
assert.equal(1, '1');
// OK, 1 == '1'
assert.equal(NaN, NaN);
// OK

assert.equal(1, 2);
// AssertionError: 1 == 2
assert.equal({ a: { b: 1 } }, { a: { b: 1 } });
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } == { a: { b: 1 } }const assert = require('node:assert');

assert.equal(1, 1);
// OK, 1 == 1
assert.equal(1, '1');
// OK, 1 == '1'
assert.equal(NaN, NaN);
// OK

assert.equal(1, 2);
// AssertionError: 1 == 2
assert.equal({ a: { b: 1 } }, { a: { b: 1 } });
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } == { a: { b: 1 } }

如果值不相等,则会抛出一个 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出该实例,而不是 AssertionError

assert.fail([message])#

抛出一个带有提供的错误消息或默认错误消息的 AssertionError。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出它而不是 AssertionError

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.fail();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Failed

assert.fail('boom');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: boom

assert.fail(new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need arrayconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.fail();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Failed

assert.fail('boom');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: boom

assert.fail(new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need array

使用超过两个参数的 assert.fail() 是可能的,但已弃用。有关更多详细信息,请参见下文。

assert.fail(actual, expected[, message[, operator[, stackStartFn]]])#

稳定性: 0 - 已弃用: 使用 assert.fail([message]) 或其他断言函数代替。

如果 message 为假值,则错误消息将设置为 actualexpected 的值,并以提供的 operator 分隔。如果只提供 actualexpected 两个参数,则 operator 将默认为 '!='。如果 message 作为第三个参数提供,它将用作错误消息,其他参数将存储为抛出对象的属性。如果提供了 stackStartFn,则该函数上方的所有堆栈帧将从堆栈跟踪中删除(参见 Error.captureStackTrace)。如果没有提供参数,将使用默认消息 Failed

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.fail('a', 'b');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' != 'b'

assert.fail(1, 2, undefined, '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 1 > 2

assert.fail(1, 2, 'fail');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: fail

assert.fail(1, 2, 'whoops', '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: whoops

assert.fail(1, 2, new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need arrayconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.fail('a', 'b');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' != 'b'

assert.fail(1, 2, undefined, '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 1 > 2

assert.fail(1, 2, 'fail');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: fail

assert.fail(1, 2, 'whoops', '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: whoops

assert.fail(1, 2, new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need array

在最后三种情况下,actualexpectedoperator 对错误消息没有影响。

stackStartFn 用于截断异常堆栈跟踪的示例用法

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

function suppressFrame() {
  assert.fail('a', 'b', undefined, '!==', suppressFrame);
}
suppressFrame();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' !== 'b'
//     at repl:1:1
//     at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:44:33)
//     ...const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

function suppressFrame() {
  assert.fail('a', 'b', undefined, '!==', suppressFrame);
}
suppressFrame();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' !== 'b'
//     at repl:1:1
//     at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:44:33)
//     ...

assert.ifError(value)#

如果 value 不是 undefinednull,则抛出 value。这在测试回调中的 error 参数时很有用。堆栈跟踪包含从传递给 ifError() 的错误中的所有帧,包括 ifError() 本身可能的新帧。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.ifError(null);
// OK
assert.ifError(0);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 0
assert.ifError('error');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 'error'
assert.ifError(new Error());
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: Error

// Create some random error frames.
let err;
(function errorFrame() {
  err = new Error('test error');
})();

(function ifErrorFrame() {
  assert.ifError(err);
})();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: test error
//     at ifErrorFrame
//     at errorFrameconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.ifError(null);
// OK
assert.ifError(0);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 0
assert.ifError('error');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 'error'
assert.ifError(new Error());
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: Error

// Create some random error frames.
let err;
(function errorFrame() {
  err = new Error('test error');
})();

(function ifErrorFrame() {
  assert.ifError(err);
})();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: test error
//     at ifErrorFrame
//     at errorFrame

assert.match(string, regexp[, message])#

期望 string 输入与正则表达式匹配。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.match('I will fail', /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input did not match the regular ...

assert.match(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.

assert.match('I will pass', /pass/);
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.match('I will fail', /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input did not match the regular ...

assert.match(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.

assert.match('I will pass', /pass/);
// OK

如果值不匹配,或者 string 参数的类型不是 string,则会抛出一个 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出它,而不是 AssertionError

assert.notDeepEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

严格断言模式

assert.notDeepStrictEqual() 的别名。

传统断言模式

稳定性:3 - 遗留:请使用 assert.notDeepStrictEqual() 代替。

测试任何深度不等式。与 assert.deepEqual() 相反。

import assert from 'node:assert';

const obj1 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj2 = {
  a: {
    b: 2,
  },
};
const obj3 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// OK

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert');

const obj1 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj2 = {
  a: {
    b: 2,
  },
};
const obj3 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// OK

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// OK

如果值深度相等,则抛出 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则分配默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则它将被抛出,而不是 AssertionError

assert.notDeepStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

测试深度严格不等。与 assert.deepStrictEqual() 相反。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.notDeepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.notDeepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// OK

如果值深度严格相等,则抛出 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则分配默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则它将被抛出,而不是 AssertionError

assert.notEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

严格断言模式

assert.notStrictEqual() 的别名。

传统断言模式

稳定性:3 - 遗留:使用 assert.notStrictEqual() 代替。

使用 != 运算符 测试浅层、强制不等。NaN 经过特殊处理,如果两边都是 NaN,则被视为相同。

import assert from 'node:assert';

assert.notEqual(1, 2);
// OK

assert.notEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError: 1 != 1

assert.notEqual(1, '1');
// AssertionError: 1 != '1'const assert = require('node:assert');

assert.notEqual(1, 2);
// OK

assert.notEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError: 1 != 1

assert.notEqual(1, '1');
// AssertionError: 1 != '1'

如果值相等,则抛出 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则分配默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则它将被抛出,而不是 AssertionError

assert.notStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

使用 Object.is() 测试actualexpected 参数之间的严格不相等。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.notStrictEqual(1, 2);
// OK

assert.notStrictEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected "actual" to be strictly unequal to:
//
// 1

assert.notStrictEqual(1, '1');
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.notStrictEqual(1, 2);
// OK

assert.notStrictEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected "actual" to be strictly unequal to:
//
// 1

assert.notStrictEqual(1, '1');
// OK

如果值严格相等,则会抛出一个 AssertionError,其message 属性设置为message 参数的值。如果message 参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出它而不是AssertionError

assert.ok(value[, message])#

测试value 是否为真值。它等效于assert.equal(!!value, true, message)

如果value 不是真值,则会抛出一个 AssertionError,其message 属性设置为message 参数的值。如果message 参数为undefined,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出它而不是AssertionError。如果根本没有传入参数,则message 将设置为字符串:'No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`'

请注意,在repl 中,错误消息将与在文件中抛出的错误消息不同!有关更多详细信息,请参见下文。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.ok(true);
// OK
assert.ok(1);
// OK

assert.ok();
// AssertionError: No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`

assert.ok(false, 'it\'s false');
// AssertionError: it's false

// In the repl:
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: false == true

// In a file (e.g. test.js):
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string')

assert.ok(false);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(false)

assert.ok(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(0)const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.ok(true);
// OK
assert.ok(1);
// OK

assert.ok();
// AssertionError: No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`

assert.ok(false, 'it\'s false');
// AssertionError: it's false

// In the repl:
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: false == true

// In a file (e.g. test.js):
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string')

assert.ok(false);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(false)

assert.ok(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(0)
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

// Using `assert()` works the same:
assert(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert(0)const assert = require('node:assert');

// Using `assert()` works the same:
assert(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert(0)

assert.rejects(asyncFn[, error][, message])#

等待 asyncFn promise 完成,或者如果 asyncFn 是一个函数,则立即调用该函数并等待返回的 promise 完成。然后,它将检查 promise 是否被拒绝。

如果 asyncFn 是一个函数,并且它同步抛出错误,则 assert.rejects() 将返回一个带有该错误的被拒绝的 Promise。如果该函数没有返回 promise,则 assert.rejects() 将返回一个带有 ERR_INVALID_RETURN_VALUE 错误的被拒绝的 Promise。在这两种情况下,错误处理程序都会被跳过。

除了异步性质来等待完成之外,它的行为与 assert.throws() 相同。

如果指定,error 可以是 ClassRegExp、验证函数、每个属性都将被测试的对象,或错误实例,其中每个属性都将被测试,包括不可枚举的 messagename 属性。

如果指定,message 将是 AssertionError 提供的消息,如果 asyncFn 无法拒绝。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

await assert.rejects(
  async () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  {
    name: 'TypeError',
    message: 'Wrong value',
  },
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

(async () => {
  await assert.rejects(
    async () => {
      throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
    },
    {
      name: 'TypeError',
      message: 'Wrong value',
    },
  );
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

await assert.rejects(
  async () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  (err) => {
    assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'TypeError');
    assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Wrong value');
    return true;
  },
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

(async () => {
  await assert.rejects(
    async () => {
      throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
    },
    (err) => {
      assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'TypeError');
      assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Wrong value');
      return true;
    },
  );
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.rejects(
  Promise.reject(new Error('Wrong value')),
  Error,
).then(() => {
  // ...
});const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.rejects(
  Promise.reject(new Error('Wrong value')),
  Error,
).then(() => {
  // ...
});

error 不能是字符串。如果提供字符串作为第二个参数,则假设 error 被省略,并且该字符串将用于 message。这会导致难以发现的错误。如果使用字符串作为第二个参数,请仔细阅读 assert.throws() 中的示例。

assert.strictEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

测试 actualexpected 参数之间的严格相等性,如 Object.is() 所确定。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
//
// 1 !== 2

assert.strictEqual(1, 1);
// OK

assert.strictEqual('Hello foobar', 'Hello World!');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 'Hello foobar'
// - 'Hello World!'
//          ^

const apples = 1;
const oranges = 2;
assert.strictEqual(apples, oranges, `apples ${apples} !== oranges ${oranges}`);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: apples 1 !== oranges 2

assert.strictEqual(1, '1', new TypeError('Inputs are not identical'));
// TypeError: Inputs are not identicalconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
//
// 1 !== 2

assert.strictEqual(1, 1);
// OK

assert.strictEqual('Hello foobar', 'Hello World!');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 'Hello foobar'
// - 'Hello World!'
//          ^

const apples = 1;
const oranges = 2;
assert.strictEqual(apples, oranges, `apples ${apples} !== oranges ${oranges}`);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: apples 1 !== oranges 2

assert.strictEqual(1, '1', new TypeError('Inputs are not identical'));
// TypeError: Inputs are not identical

如果值不完全相等,则会抛出一个 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则会分配默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会抛出它,而不是 AssertionError

assert.throws(fn[, error][, message])#

预期函数 fn 会抛出错误。

如果指定,error 可以是 ClassRegExp、验证函数、验证对象(其中每个属性将被测试以进行严格的深度相等性),或错误实例(其中每个属性将被测试以进行严格的深度相等性,包括不可枚举的 messagename 属性)。使用对象时,也可以使用正则表达式来验证字符串属性。请参见下面的示例。

如果指定,message 将附加到 AssertionError 提供的消息,如果 fn 调用未能抛出错误或错误验证失败。

自定义验证对象/错误实例

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

const err = new TypeError('Wrong value');
err.code = 404;
err.foo = 'bar';
err.info = {
  nested: true,
  baz: 'text',
};
err.reg = /abc/i;

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw err;
  },
  {
    name: 'TypeError',
    message: 'Wrong value',
    info: {
      nested: true,
      baz: 'text',
    },
    // Only properties on the validation object will be tested for.
    // Using nested objects requires all properties to be present. Otherwise
    // the validation is going to fail.
  },
);

// Using regular expressions to validate error properties:
assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw err;
  },
  {
    // The `name` and `message` properties are strings and using regular
    // expressions on those will match against the string. If they fail, an
    // error is thrown.
    name: /^TypeError$/,
    message: /Wrong/,
    foo: 'bar',
    info: {
      nested: true,
      // It is not possible to use regular expressions for nested properties!
      baz: 'text',
    },
    // The `reg` property contains a regular expression and only if the
    // validation object contains an identical regular expression, it is going
    // to pass.
    reg: /abc/i,
  },
);

// Fails due to the different `message` and `name` properties:
assert.throws(
  () => {
    const otherErr = new Error('Not found');
    // Copy all enumerable properties from `err` to `otherErr`.
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(err)) {
      otherErr[key] = value;
    }
    throw otherErr;
  },
  // The error's `message` and `name` properties will also be checked when using
  // an error as validation object.
  err,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

const err = new TypeError('Wrong value');
err.code = 404;
err.foo = 'bar';
err.info = {
  nested: true,
  baz: 'text',
};
err.reg = /abc/i;

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw err;
  },
  {
    name: 'TypeError',
    message: 'Wrong value',
    info: {
      nested: true,
      baz: 'text',
    },
    // Only properties on the validation object will be tested for.
    // Using nested objects requires all properties to be present. Otherwise
    // the validation is going to fail.
  },
);

// Using regular expressions to validate error properties:
assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw err;
  },
  {
    // The `name` and `message` properties are strings and using regular
    // expressions on those will match against the string. If they fail, an
    // error is thrown.
    name: /^TypeError$/,
    message: /Wrong/,
    foo: 'bar',
    info: {
      nested: true,
      // It is not possible to use regular expressions for nested properties!
      baz: 'text',
    },
    // The `reg` property contains a regular expression and only if the
    // validation object contains an identical regular expression, it is going
    // to pass.
    reg: /abc/i,
  },
);

// Fails due to the different `message` and `name` properties:
assert.throws(
  () => {
    const otherErr = new Error('Not found');
    // Copy all enumerable properties from `err` to `otherErr`.
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(err)) {
      otherErr[key] = value;
    }
    throw otherErr;
  },
  // The error's `message` and `name` properties will also be checked when using
  // an error as validation object.
  err,
);

使用构造函数验证 instanceof

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  Error,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  Error,
);

使用 RegExp 验证错误消息

使用正则表达式会在错误对象上运行 .toString,因此也会包含错误名称。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  /^Error: Wrong value$/,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  /^Error: Wrong value$/,
);

自定义错误验证

该函数必须返回 true 以指示所有内部验证都已通过。否则,它将失败并抛出一个 AssertionError

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  (err) => {
    assert(err instanceof Error);
    assert(/value/.test(err));
    // Avoid returning anything from validation functions besides `true`.
    // Otherwise, it's not clear what part of the validation failed. Instead,
    // throw an error about the specific validation that failed (as done in this
    // example) and add as much helpful debugging information to that error as
    // possible.
    return true;
  },
  'unexpected error',
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  (err) => {
    assert(err instanceof Error);
    assert(/value/.test(err));
    // Avoid returning anything from validation functions besides `true`.
    // Otherwise, it's not clear what part of the validation failed. Instead,
    // throw an error about the specific validation that failed (as done in this
    // example) and add as much helpful debugging information to that error as
    // possible.
    return true;
  },
  'unexpected error',
);

error 不能是字符串。如果提供字符串作为第二个参数,则假定error 被省略,并且字符串将用于 message。这会导致容易忽略的错误。使用与抛出错误消息相同的错误消息将导致 ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT 错误。如果考虑使用字符串作为第二个参数,请仔细阅读下面的示例。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

function throwingFirst() {
  throw new Error('First');
}

function throwingSecond() {
  throw new Error('Second');
}

function notThrowing() {}

// The second argument is a string and the input function threw an Error.
// The first case will not throw as it does not match for the error message
// thrown by the input function!
assert.throws(throwingFirst, 'Second');
// In the next example the message has no benefit over the message from the
// error and since it is not clear if the user intended to actually match
// against the error message, Node.js throws an `ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT` error.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, 'Second');
// TypeError [ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT]

// The string is only used (as message) in case the function does not throw:
assert.throws(notThrowing, 'Second');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Missing expected exception: Second

// If it was intended to match for the error message do this instead:
// It does not throw because the error messages match.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, /Second$/);

// If the error message does not match, an AssertionError is thrown.
assert.throws(throwingFirst, /Second$/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

function throwingFirst() {
  throw new Error('First');
}

function throwingSecond() {
  throw new Error('Second');
}

function notThrowing() {}

// The second argument is a string and the input function threw an Error.
// The first case will not throw as it does not match for the error message
// thrown by the input function!
assert.throws(throwingFirst, 'Second');
// In the next example the message has no benefit over the message from the
// error and since it is not clear if the user intended to actually match
// against the error message, Node.js throws an `ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT` error.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, 'Second');
// TypeError [ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT]

// The string is only used (as message) in case the function does not throw:
assert.throws(notThrowing, 'Second');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Missing expected exception: Second

// If it was intended to match for the error message do this instead:
// It does not throw because the error messages match.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, /Second$/);

// If the error message does not match, an AssertionError is thrown.
assert.throws(throwingFirst, /Second$/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]

由于容易混淆且容易出错的符号,请避免将字符串作为第二个参数。