Node.js v21.7.2 文档
- Node.js v21.7.2
-
► 目录
- 断言
- 严格断言模式
- 传统断言模式
- 类:assert.AssertionError
- 类:
assert.CallTracker
assert(value[, message])
assert.deepEqual(actual, expected[, message])
assert.deepStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])
assert.doesNotMatch(string, regexp[, message])
assert.doesNotReject(asyncFn[, error][, message])
assert.doesNotThrow(fn[, error][, message])
assert.equal(actual, expected[, message])
assert.fail([message])
assert.fail(actual, expected[, message[, operator[, stackStartFn]]])
assert.ifError(value)
assert.match(string, regexp[, message])
assert.notDeepEqual(actual, expected[, message])
assert.notDeepStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])
assert.notEqual(actual, expected[, message])
assert.notStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])
assert.ok(value[, message])
assert.rejects(asyncFn[, error][, message])
assert.strictEqual(actual, expected[, message])
assert.throws(fn[, error][, message])
- 断言
-
► 索引
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node:module
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- ► 其他版本
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Assert#
源代码: lib/assert.js
node:assert
模块提供了一组断言函数,用于验证不变式。
严格断言模式#
在严格断言模式下,非严格方法的行为类似于其对应的严格方法。例如,assert.deepEqual()
的行为将类似于 assert.deepStrictEqual()
。
在严格断言模式下,对象的错误消息会显示差异。在传统断言模式下,对象的错误消息会显示对象,通常会被截断。
要使用严格断言模式
import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert';
const assert = require('node:assert').strict;
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
示例错误差异
import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert';
assert.deepEqual([[[1, 2, 3]], 4, 5], [[[1, 2, '3']], 4, 5]);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected ... Lines skipped
//
// [
// [
// ...
// 2,
// + 3
// - '3'
// ],
// ...
// 5
// ]
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.deepEqual([[[1, 2, 3]], 4, 5], [[[1, 2, '3']], 4, 5]);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected ... Lines skipped
//
// [
// [
// ...
// 2,
// + 3
// - '3'
// ],
// ...
// 5
// ]
要停用颜色,请使用 NO_COLOR
或 NODE_DISABLE_COLORS
环境变量。这也会停用 REPL 中的颜色。有关终端环境中颜色支持的更多信息,请阅读 tty getColorDepth()
文档。
传统断言模式#
传统断言模式在
中使用 ==
运算符。
import assert from 'node:assert';
const assert = require('node:assert');
要使用传统断言模式
// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError in legacy assertion mode!
assert.deepEqual(/a/gi, new Date());
传统断言模式可能会产生意外的结果,尤其是在使用 assert.deepEqual()
时。
继承: <errors.Error>
表示断言失败。node:assert
模块抛出的所有错误都将是 AssertionError
类的实例。
- 添加于: v0.1.21
stackStartFn
<Function> 如果提供,生成的堆栈跟踪将省略此函数之前的帧。
Error
的子类,表示断言失败。
actual
<any> 设置为方法(如assert.strictEqual()
)的actual
参数。expected
<any> 设置为方法(如assert.strictEqual()
)的expected
值。generatedMessage
<boolean> 指示消息是否为自动生成的(true
)。code
<string> 值始终为ERR_ASSERTION
,表示错误为断言错误。operator
<string> 设置为传入的操作符值。
import assert from 'node:assert';
// Generate an AssertionError to compare the error message later:
const { message } = new assert.AssertionError({
actual: 1,
expected: 2,
operator: 'strictEqual',
});
// Verify error output:
try {
assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
} catch (err) {
assert(err instanceof assert.AssertionError);
assert.strictEqual(err.message, message);
assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'AssertionError');
assert.strictEqual(err.actual, 1);
assert.strictEqual(err.expected, 2);
assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'ERR_ASSERTION');
assert.strictEqual(err.operator, 'strictEqual');
assert.strictEqual(err.generatedMessage, true);
}
const assert = require('node:assert');
// Generate an AssertionError to compare the error message later:
const { message } = new assert.AssertionError({
actual: 1,
expected: 2,
operator: 'strictEqual',
});
// Verify error output:
try {
assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
} catch (err) {
assert(err instanceof assert.AssertionError);
assert.strictEqual(err.message, message);
assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'AssertionError');
assert.strictEqual(err.actual, 1);
assert.strictEqual(err.expected, 2);
assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'ERR_ASSERTION');
assert.strictEqual(err.operator, 'strictEqual');
assert.strictEqual(err.generatedMessage, true);
}
类:assert.CallTracker
#
此功能已弃用,将在未来版本中删除。请考虑使用其他替代方案,例如 mock
辅助函数。
new assert.CallTracker()
#
创建一个新的 CallTracker
对象,可用于跟踪函数是否被调用了特定次数。必须调用 tracker.verify()
才能进行验证。通常的模式是在 process.on('exit')
处理程序中调用它。
import assert from 'node:assert';
import process from 'node:process';
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
// callsfunc() must be called exactly 1 time before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 1);
callsfunc();
// Calls tracker.verify() and verifies if all tracker.calls() functions have
// been called exact times.
process.on('exit', () => {
tracker.verify();
});
const assert = require('node:assert');
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
// callsfunc() must be called exactly 1 time before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 1);
callsfunc();
// Calls tracker.verify() and verifies if all tracker.calls() functions have
// been called exact times.
process.on('exit', () => {
tracker.verify();
});
tracker.calls([fn][, exact])
#
fn
<Function> 默认值: 无操作函数。exact
<number> 默认值:1
。- 返回值:<Function> 包裹
fn
的函数。
预计包装函数将被调用 exact
次。如果在调用 tracker.verify()
时函数未被调用 exact
次,则 tracker.verify()
将抛出错误。
import assert from 'node:assert';
// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
const assert = require('node:assert');
// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
tracker.getCalls(fn)
#
-
fn
<Function> -
返回值:<Array> 包含对跟踪函数的所有调用的数组。
-
对象 <Object>
import assert from 'node:assert';
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
callsfunc(1, 2, 3);
assert.deepStrictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc),
[{ thisArg: undefined, arguments: [1, 2, 3] }]);
const assert = require('node:assert');
// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
callsfunc(1, 2, 3);
assert.deepStrictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc),
[{ thisArg: undefined, arguments: [1, 2, 3] }]);
tracker.report()
#
- 返回值:<Array> 一个包含有关由
tracker.calls()
返回的包装函数的信息的对象数组。 - 对象 <Object>
数组包含有关预期和实际调用次数的信息,这些信息适用于尚未调用预期次数的函数。
import assert from 'node:assert';
// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);
// Returns an array containing information on callsfunc()
console.log(tracker.report());
// [
// {
// message: 'Expected the func function to be executed 2 time(s) but was
// executed 0 time(s).',
// actual: 0,
// expected: 2,
// operator: 'func',
// stack: stack trace
// }
// ]
const assert = require('node:assert');
// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);
// Returns an array containing information on callsfunc()
console.log(tracker.report());
// [
// {
// message: 'Expected the func function to be executed 2 time(s) but was
// executed 0 time(s).',
// actual: 0,
// expected: 2,
// operator: 'func',
// stack: stack trace
// }
// ]
tracker.reset([fn])
#
fn
<Function> 要重置的跟踪函数。
重置调用跟踪器的调用。如果传递跟踪函数作为参数,则将重置该函数的调用。如果没有传递参数,则将重置所有跟踪函数。
import assert from 'node:assert';
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
callsfunc();
// Tracker was called once
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 1);
tracker.reset(callsfunc);
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 0);
const assert = require('node:assert');
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
callsfunc();
// Tracker was called once
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 1);
tracker.reset(callsfunc);
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 0);
tracker.verify()
#
遍历传递给 tracker.calls()
的函数列表,并对尚未调用预期次数的函数抛出错误。
import assert from 'node:assert';
// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);
callsfunc();
// Will throw an error since callsfunc() was only called once.
tracker.verify();
const assert = require('node:assert');
// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();
function func() {}
// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);
callsfunc();
// Will throw an error since callsfunc() was only called once.
tracker.verify();
assert(value[, message])
#
是 assert.ok()
的别名。
assert.deepEqual(actual, expected[, message])
#
严格断言模式
是 assert.deepStrictEqual()
的别名。
传统断言模式
assert.deepStrictEqual()
。测试 actual
和 expected
参数之间的深度相等性。请考虑改用 assert.deepStrictEqual()
。 assert.deepEqual()
可能会有令人意外的结果。
深度相等 意味着子对象的枚举“自身”属性也会根据以下规则递归地进行评估。
比较细节#
- 使用
==
运算符 比较原始值,但NaN
除外。如果两边都是NaN
,则将其视为相同。 - 对象类型标签 应该相同。
- 仅考虑 枚举“自身”属性。
Error
名称和消息始终进行比较,即使它们不是枚举属性。- 对象包装器 既作为对象进行比较,也作为解包的值进行比较。
Object
属性是无序比较的。Map
的键和Set
的项是无序比较的。- 当两边不同或两边都遇到循环引用时,递归停止。
- 实现不测试对象的
[[Prototype]]
。 Symbol
属性不进行比较。WeakMap
和WeakSet
比较不依赖于它们的值。RegExp
的 lastIndex、flags 和 source 始终进行比较,即使它们不是可枚举属性。
以下示例不会抛出 AssertionError
,因为基本类型使用 ==
运算符 进行比较。
import assert from 'node:assert';
// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError!
assert.deepEqual('+00000000', false);
const assert = require('node:assert');
// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError!
assert.deepEqual('+00000000', false);
"深度" 相等意味着子对象的枚举 "自身" 属性也会被评估。
import assert from 'node:assert';
const obj1 = {
a: {
b: 1,
},
};
const obj2 = {
a: {
b: 2,
},
};
const obj3 = {
a: {
b: 1,
},
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// OK
// Values of b are different:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual { a: { b: 2 } }
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// OK
// Prototypes are ignored:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual {}
const assert = require('node:assert');
const obj1 = {
a: {
b: 1,
},
};
const obj2 = {
a: {
b: 2,
},
};
const obj3 = {
a: {
b: 1,
},
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// OK
// Values of b are different:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual { a: { b: 2 } }
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// OK
// Prototypes are ignored:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual {}
如果值不相等,则会抛出 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则会分配默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出它,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.deepStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])
#
测试 actual
和 expected
参数之间的深度相等。 "深度" 相等意味着子对象的枚举 "自身" 属性也会通过以下规则递归评估。
比较细节#
- 基本类型值使用
Object.is()
进行比较。 - 对象类型标签 应该相同。
- 对象的
[[Prototype]]
使用===
运算符 进行比较。 - 仅考虑 枚举“自身”属性。
Error
名称和消息始终进行比较,即使它们不是枚举属性。- 可枚举的自身
Symbol
属性也进行比较。 - 对象包装器 既作为对象进行比较,也作为解包的值进行比较。
Object
属性是无序比较的。Map
的键和Set
的项是无序比较的。- 当两边不同或两边都遇到循环引用时,递归停止。
WeakMap
和WeakSet
比较不依赖于它们的值。有关更多详细信息,请参见下文。RegExp
的 lastIndex、flags 和 source 始终进行比较,即使它们不是可枚举属性。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
// This fails because 1 !== '1'.
assert.deepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// {
// + a: 1
// - a: '1'
// }
// The following objects don't have own properties
const date = new Date();
const object = {};
const fakeDate = {};
Object.setPrototypeOf(fakeDate, Date.prototype);
// Different [[Prototype]]:
assert.deepStrictEqual(object, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + {}
// - Date {}
// Different type tags:
assert.deepStrictEqual(date, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 2018-04-26T00:49:08.604Z
// - Date {}
assert.deepStrictEqual(NaN, NaN);
// OK because Object.is(NaN, NaN) is true.
// Different unwrapped numbers:
assert.deepStrictEqual(new Number(1), new Number(2));
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + [Number: 1]
// - [Number: 2]
assert.deepStrictEqual(new String('foo'), Object('foo'));
// OK because the object and the string are identical when unwrapped.
assert.deepStrictEqual(-0, -0);
// OK
// Different zeros:
assert.deepStrictEqual(0, -0);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 0
// - -0
const symbol1 = Symbol();
const symbol2 = Symbol();
assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol1]: 1 });
// OK, because it is the same symbol on both objects.
assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol2]: 1 });
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Inputs identical but not reference equal:
//
// {
// [Symbol()]: 1
// }
const weakMap1 = new WeakMap();
const weakMap2 = new WeakMap([[{}, {}]]);
const weakMap3 = new WeakMap();
weakMap3.unequal = true;
assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap2);
// OK, because it is impossible to compare the entries
// Fails because weakMap3 has a property that weakMap1 does not contain:
assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap3);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// WeakMap {
// + [items unknown]
// - [items unknown],
// - unequal: true
// }
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
// This fails because 1 !== '1'.
assert.deepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// {
// + a: 1
// - a: '1'
// }
// The following objects don't have own properties
const date = new Date();
const object = {};
const fakeDate = {};
Object.setPrototypeOf(fakeDate, Date.prototype);
// Different [[Prototype]]:
assert.deepStrictEqual(object, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + {}
// - Date {}
// Different type tags:
assert.deepStrictEqual(date, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 2018-04-26T00:49:08.604Z
// - Date {}
assert.deepStrictEqual(NaN, NaN);
// OK because Object.is(NaN, NaN) is true.
// Different unwrapped numbers:
assert.deepStrictEqual(new Number(1), new Number(2));
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + [Number: 1]
// - [Number: 2]
assert.deepStrictEqual(new String('foo'), Object('foo'));
// OK because the object and the string are identical when unwrapped.
assert.deepStrictEqual(-0, -0);
// OK
// Different zeros:
assert.deepStrictEqual(0, -0);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 0
// - -0
const symbol1 = Symbol();
const symbol2 = Symbol();
assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol1]: 1 });
// OK, because it is the same symbol on both objects.
assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol2]: 1 });
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Inputs identical but not reference equal:
//
// {
// [Symbol()]: 1
// }
const weakMap1 = new WeakMap();
const weakMap2 = new WeakMap([[{}, {}]]);
const weakMap3 = new WeakMap();
weakMap3.unequal = true;
assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap2);
// OK, because it is impossible to compare the entries
// Fails because weakMap3 has a property that weakMap1 does not contain:
assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap3);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// WeakMap {
// + [items unknown]
// - [items unknown],
// - unequal: true
// }
如果值不相等,则会抛出一个 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出该实例,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.doesNotMatch(string, regexp[, message])
#
期望 string
输入不匹配正则表达式。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.doesNotMatch('I will fail', /fail/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input was expected to not match the ...
assert.doesNotMatch(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.
assert.doesNotMatch('I will pass', /different/);
// OK
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.doesNotMatch('I will fail', /fail/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input was expected to not match the ...
assert.doesNotMatch(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.
assert.doesNotMatch('I will pass', /different/);
// OK
如果值匹配,或者 string
参数的类型不是 string
,则会抛出一个 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出该实例,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.doesNotReject(asyncFn[, error][, message])
#
asyncFn
<Function> | <Promise>error
<RegExp> | <Function>message
<string>
等待 asyncFn
promise,或者如果 asyncFn
是一个函数,则立即调用该函数并等待返回的 promise 完成。然后它将检查 promise 是否未被拒绝。
如果 asyncFn
是一个函数,并且它同步抛出错误,则 assert.doesNotReject()
将返回一个带有该错误的被拒绝的 Promise
。如果该函数没有返回 promise,则 assert.doesNotReject()
将返回一个带有 ERR_INVALID_RETURN_VALUE
错误的被拒绝的 Promise
。在这两种情况下,错误处理程序都会被跳过。
使用 assert.doesNotReject()
实际上没有用,因为捕获拒绝并再次拒绝它没有太大意义。相反,请考虑在不应该拒绝的特定代码路径旁边添加注释,并尽可能保持错误消息的表达力。
如果指定,error
可以是 Class
、RegExp
或验证函数。有关更多详细信息,请参阅 assert.throws()
。
除了异步性质外,等待完成的行为与 assert.doesNotThrow()
相同。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
await assert.doesNotReject(
async () => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
SyntaxError,
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
(async () => {
await assert.doesNotReject(
async () => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
SyntaxError,
);
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.doesNotReject(Promise.reject(new TypeError('Wrong value')))
.then(() => {
// ...
});
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.doesNotReject(Promise.reject(new TypeError('Wrong value')))
.then(() => {
// ...
});
assert.doesNotThrow(fn[, error][, message])
#
fn
<Function>error
<RegExp> | <Function>message
<string>
断言函数 fn
不抛出错误。
使用 assert.doesNotThrow()
实际上没有用,因为捕获错误并重新抛出它没有意义。相反,请考虑在不应该抛出错误的特定代码路径旁边添加注释,并尽可能保持错误消息的表达力。
当调用 assert.doesNotThrow()
时,它将立即调用 fn
函数。
如果抛出错误,并且该错误类型与 error
参数指定的类型相同,则会抛出 AssertionError
。如果错误类型不同,或者 error
参数未定义,则错误将传播回调用方。
如果指定,error
可以是 Class
、RegExp
或验证函数。有关更多详细信息,请参阅 assert.throws()
。
例如,以下代码将抛出 TypeError
,因为断言中没有匹配的错误类型
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.doesNotThrow(
() => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
SyntaxError,
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.doesNotThrow(
() => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
SyntaxError,
);
但是,以下代码将导致带有消息“Got unwanted exception...”的 AssertionError
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.doesNotThrow(
() => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
TypeError,
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.doesNotThrow(
() => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
TypeError,
);
如果抛出 AssertionError
并且为 message
参数提供了值,则 message
的值将附加到 AssertionError
消息中
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.doesNotThrow(
() => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
/Wrong value/,
'Whoops',
);
// Throws: AssertionError: Got unwanted exception: Whoops
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.doesNotThrow(
() => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
/Wrong value/,
'Whoops',
);
// Throws: AssertionError: Got unwanted exception: Whoops
assert.equal(actual, expected[, message])
#
严格断言模式
assert.strictEqual()
的别名。
传统断言模式
assert.strictEqual()
。使用 ==
运算符 测试 actual
和 expected
参数之间的浅层强制比较。NaN
经过特殊处理,如果两边都是 NaN
,则被视为相同。
import assert from 'node:assert';
assert.equal(1, 1);
// OK, 1 == 1
assert.equal(1, '1');
// OK, 1 == '1'
assert.equal(NaN, NaN);
// OK
assert.equal(1, 2);
// AssertionError: 1 == 2
assert.equal({ a: { b: 1 } }, { a: { b: 1 } });
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } == { a: { b: 1 } }
const assert = require('node:assert');
assert.equal(1, 1);
// OK, 1 == 1
assert.equal(1, '1');
// OK, 1 == '1'
assert.equal(NaN, NaN);
// OK
assert.equal(1, 2);
// AssertionError: 1 == 2
assert.equal({ a: { b: 1 } }, { a: { b: 1 } });
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } == { a: { b: 1 } }
如果值不相等,则会抛出一个 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出该实例,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.fail([message])
#
抛出一个带有提供的错误消息或默认错误消息的 AssertionError
。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出它而不是 AssertionError
。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.fail();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Failed
assert.fail('boom');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: boom
assert.fail(new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need array
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.fail();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Failed
assert.fail('boom');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: boom
assert.fail(new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need array
使用超过两个参数的 assert.fail()
是可能的,但已弃用。有关更多详细信息,请参见下文。
assert.fail(actual, expected[, message[, operator[, stackStartFn]]])
#
assert.fail([message])
或其他断言函数代替。actual
<any>expected
<any>message
<string> | <Error>operator
<string> 默认值:'!='
stackStartFn
<Function> 默认值:assert.fail
如果 message
为假值,则错误消息将设置为 actual
和 expected
的值,并以提供的 operator
分隔。如果只提供 actual
和 expected
两个参数,则 operator
将默认为 '!='
。如果 message
作为第三个参数提供,它将用作错误消息,其他参数将存储为抛出对象的属性。如果提供了 stackStartFn
,则该函数上方的所有堆栈帧将从堆栈跟踪中删除(参见 Error.captureStackTrace
)。如果没有提供参数,将使用默认消息 Failed
。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.fail('a', 'b');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' != 'b'
assert.fail(1, 2, undefined, '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 1 > 2
assert.fail(1, 2, 'fail');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: fail
assert.fail(1, 2, 'whoops', '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: whoops
assert.fail(1, 2, new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need array
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.fail('a', 'b');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' != 'b'
assert.fail(1, 2, undefined, '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 1 > 2
assert.fail(1, 2, 'fail');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: fail
assert.fail(1, 2, 'whoops', '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: whoops
assert.fail(1, 2, new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need array
在最后三种情况下,actual
、expected
和 operator
对错误消息没有影响。
stackStartFn
用于截断异常堆栈跟踪的示例用法
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
function suppressFrame() {
assert.fail('a', 'b', undefined, '!==', suppressFrame);
}
suppressFrame();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' !== 'b'
// at repl:1:1
// at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:44:33)
// ...
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
function suppressFrame() {
assert.fail('a', 'b', undefined, '!==', suppressFrame);
}
suppressFrame();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' !== 'b'
// at repl:1:1
// at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:44:33)
// ...
assert.ifError(value)
#
value
<any>
如果 value
不是 undefined
或 null
,则抛出 value
。这在测试回调中的 error
参数时很有用。堆栈跟踪包含从传递给 ifError()
的错误中的所有帧,包括 ifError()
本身可能的新帧。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.ifError(null);
// OK
assert.ifError(0);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 0
assert.ifError('error');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 'error'
assert.ifError(new Error());
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: Error
// Create some random error frames.
let err;
(function errorFrame() {
err = new Error('test error');
})();
(function ifErrorFrame() {
assert.ifError(err);
})();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: test error
// at ifErrorFrame
// at errorFrame
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.ifError(null);
// OK
assert.ifError(0);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 0
assert.ifError('error');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 'error'
assert.ifError(new Error());
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: Error
// Create some random error frames.
let err;
(function errorFrame() {
err = new Error('test error');
})();
(function ifErrorFrame() {
assert.ifError(err);
})();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: test error
// at ifErrorFrame
// at errorFrame
assert.match(string, regexp[, message])
#
期望 string
输入与正则表达式匹配。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.match('I will fail', /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input did not match the regular ...
assert.match(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.
assert.match('I will pass', /pass/);
// OK
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.match('I will fail', /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input did not match the regular ...
assert.match(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.
assert.match('I will pass', /pass/);
// OK
如果值不匹配,或者 string
参数的类型不是 string
,则会抛出一个 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出它,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.notDeepEqual(actual, expected[, message])
#
严格断言模式
assert.notDeepStrictEqual()
的别名。
传统断言模式
assert.notDeepStrictEqual()
代替。测试任何深度不等式。与 assert.deepEqual()
相反。
import assert from 'node:assert';
const obj1 = {
a: {
b: 1,
},
};
const obj2 = {
a: {
b: 2,
},
};
const obj3 = {
a: {
b: 1,
},
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };
assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }
assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// OK
assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }
assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// OK
const assert = require('node:assert');
const obj1 = {
a: {
b: 1,
},
};
const obj2 = {
a: {
b: 2,
},
};
const obj3 = {
a: {
b: 1,
},
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };
assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }
assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// OK
assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }
assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// OK
如果值深度相等,则抛出 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则分配默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则它将被抛出,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.notDeepStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])
#
测试深度严格不等。与 assert.deepStrictEqual()
相反。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.notDeepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// OK
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.notDeepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// OK
如果值深度严格相等,则抛出 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则分配默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则它将被抛出,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.notEqual(actual, expected[, message])
#
严格断言模式
是 assert.notStrictEqual()
的别名。
传统断言模式
assert.notStrictEqual()
代替。使用 !=
运算符 测试浅层、强制不等。NaN
经过特殊处理,如果两边都是 NaN
,则被视为相同。
import assert from 'node:assert';
assert.notEqual(1, 2);
// OK
assert.notEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError: 1 != 1
assert.notEqual(1, '1');
// AssertionError: 1 != '1'
const assert = require('node:assert');
assert.notEqual(1, 2);
// OK
assert.notEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError: 1 != 1
assert.notEqual(1, '1');
// AssertionError: 1 != '1'
如果值相等,则抛出 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则分配默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则它将被抛出,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.notStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])
#
使用 Object.is()
测试actual
和 expected
参数之间的严格不相等。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.notStrictEqual(1, 2);
// OK
assert.notStrictEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected "actual" to be strictly unequal to:
//
// 1
assert.notStrictEqual(1, '1');
// OK
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.notStrictEqual(1, 2);
// OK
assert.notStrictEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected "actual" to be strictly unequal to:
//
// 1
assert.notStrictEqual(1, '1');
// OK
如果值严格相等,则会抛出一个 AssertionError
,其message
属性设置为message
参数的值。如果message
参数未定义,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出它而不是AssertionError
。
assert.ok(value[, message])
#
测试value
是否为真值。它等效于assert.equal(!!value, true, message)
。
如果value
不是真值,则会抛出一个 AssertionError
,其message
属性设置为message
参数的值。如果message
参数为undefined
,则会分配一个默认错误消息。如果message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出它而不是AssertionError
。如果根本没有传入参数,则message
将设置为字符串:'No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`'
。
请注意,在repl
中,错误消息将与在文件中抛出的错误消息不同!有关更多详细信息,请参见下文。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.ok(true);
// OK
assert.ok(1);
// OK
assert.ok();
// AssertionError: No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`
assert.ok(false, 'it\'s false');
// AssertionError: it's false
// In the repl:
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: false == true
// In a file (e.g. test.js):
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
// assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string')
assert.ok(false);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
// assert.ok(false)
assert.ok(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
// assert.ok(0)
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.ok(true);
// OK
assert.ok(1);
// OK
assert.ok();
// AssertionError: No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`
assert.ok(false, 'it\'s false');
// AssertionError: it's false
// In the repl:
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: false == true
// In a file (e.g. test.js):
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
// assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string')
assert.ok(false);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
// assert.ok(false)
assert.ok(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
// assert.ok(0)
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
// Using `assert()` works the same:
assert(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
// assert(0)
const assert = require('node:assert');
// Using `assert()` works the same:
assert(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
// assert(0)
assert.rejects(asyncFn[, error][, message])
#
asyncFn
<Function> | <Promise>error
<RegExp> | <Function> | <Object> | <Error>message
<string>
等待 asyncFn
promise 完成,或者如果 asyncFn
是一个函数,则立即调用该函数并等待返回的 promise 完成。然后,它将检查 promise 是否被拒绝。
如果 asyncFn
是一个函数,并且它同步抛出错误,则 assert.rejects()
将返回一个带有该错误的被拒绝的 Promise
。如果该函数没有返回 promise,则 assert.rejects()
将返回一个带有 ERR_INVALID_RETURN_VALUE
错误的被拒绝的 Promise
。在这两种情况下,错误处理程序都会被跳过。
除了异步性质来等待完成之外,它的行为与 assert.throws()
相同。
如果指定,error
可以是 Class
、RegExp
、验证函数、每个属性都将被测试的对象,或错误实例,其中每个属性都将被测试,包括不可枚举的 message
和 name
属性。
如果指定,message
将是 AssertionError
提供的消息,如果 asyncFn
无法拒绝。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
await assert.rejects(
async () => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
{
name: 'TypeError',
message: 'Wrong value',
},
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
(async () => {
await assert.rejects(
async () => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
{
name: 'TypeError',
message: 'Wrong value',
},
);
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
await assert.rejects(
async () => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
(err) => {
assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'TypeError');
assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Wrong value');
return true;
},
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
(async () => {
await assert.rejects(
async () => {
throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
},
(err) => {
assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'TypeError');
assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Wrong value');
return true;
},
);
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.rejects(
Promise.reject(new Error('Wrong value')),
Error,
).then(() => {
// ...
});
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.rejects(
Promise.reject(new Error('Wrong value')),
Error,
).then(() => {
// ...
});
error
不能是字符串。如果提供字符串作为第二个参数,则假设 error
被省略,并且该字符串将用于 message
。这会导致难以发现的错误。如果使用字符串作为第二个参数,请仔细阅读 assert.throws()
中的示例。
assert.strictEqual(actual, expected[, message])
#
测试 actual
和 expected
参数之间的严格相等性,如 Object.is()
所确定。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
//
// 1 !== 2
assert.strictEqual(1, 1);
// OK
assert.strictEqual('Hello foobar', 'Hello World!');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 'Hello foobar'
// - 'Hello World!'
// ^
const apples = 1;
const oranges = 2;
assert.strictEqual(apples, oranges, `apples ${apples} !== oranges ${oranges}`);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: apples 1 !== oranges 2
assert.strictEqual(1, '1', new TypeError('Inputs are not identical'));
// TypeError: Inputs are not identical
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
//
// 1 !== 2
assert.strictEqual(1, 1);
// OK
assert.strictEqual('Hello foobar', 'Hello World!');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 'Hello foobar'
// - 'Hello World!'
// ^
const apples = 1;
const oranges = 2;
assert.strictEqual(apples, oranges, `apples ${apples} !== oranges ${oranges}`);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: apples 1 !== oranges 2
assert.strictEqual(1, '1', new TypeError('Inputs are not identical'));
// TypeError: Inputs are not identical
如果值不完全相等,则会抛出一个 AssertionError
,其 message
属性设置为 message
参数的值。如果 message
参数未定义,则会分配默认错误消息。如果 message
参数是 Error
的实例,则会抛出它,而不是 AssertionError
。
assert.throws(fn[, error][, message])
#
fn
<Function>error
<RegExp> | <Function> | <Object> | <Error>message
<string>
预期函数 fn
会抛出错误。
如果指定,error
可以是 Class
、RegExp
、验证函数、验证对象(其中每个属性将被测试以进行严格的深度相等性),或错误实例(其中每个属性将被测试以进行严格的深度相等性,包括不可枚举的 message
和 name
属性)。使用对象时,也可以使用正则表达式来验证字符串属性。请参见下面的示例。
如果指定,message
将附加到 AssertionError
提供的消息,如果 fn
调用未能抛出错误或错误验证失败。
自定义验证对象/错误实例
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
const err = new TypeError('Wrong value');
err.code = 404;
err.foo = 'bar';
err.info = {
nested: true,
baz: 'text',
};
err.reg = /abc/i;
assert.throws(
() => {
throw err;
},
{
name: 'TypeError',
message: 'Wrong value',
info: {
nested: true,
baz: 'text',
},
// Only properties on the validation object will be tested for.
// Using nested objects requires all properties to be present. Otherwise
// the validation is going to fail.
},
);
// Using regular expressions to validate error properties:
assert.throws(
() => {
throw err;
},
{
// The `name` and `message` properties are strings and using regular
// expressions on those will match against the string. If they fail, an
// error is thrown.
name: /^TypeError$/,
message: /Wrong/,
foo: 'bar',
info: {
nested: true,
// It is not possible to use regular expressions for nested properties!
baz: 'text',
},
// The `reg` property contains a regular expression and only if the
// validation object contains an identical regular expression, it is going
// to pass.
reg: /abc/i,
},
);
// Fails due to the different `message` and `name` properties:
assert.throws(
() => {
const otherErr = new Error('Not found');
// Copy all enumerable properties from `err` to `otherErr`.
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(err)) {
otherErr[key] = value;
}
throw otherErr;
},
// The error's `message` and `name` properties will also be checked when using
// an error as validation object.
err,
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
const err = new TypeError('Wrong value');
err.code = 404;
err.foo = 'bar';
err.info = {
nested: true,
baz: 'text',
};
err.reg = /abc/i;
assert.throws(
() => {
throw err;
},
{
name: 'TypeError',
message: 'Wrong value',
info: {
nested: true,
baz: 'text',
},
// Only properties on the validation object will be tested for.
// Using nested objects requires all properties to be present. Otherwise
// the validation is going to fail.
},
);
// Using regular expressions to validate error properties:
assert.throws(
() => {
throw err;
},
{
// The `name` and `message` properties are strings and using regular
// expressions on those will match against the string. If they fail, an
// error is thrown.
name: /^TypeError$/,
message: /Wrong/,
foo: 'bar',
info: {
nested: true,
// It is not possible to use regular expressions for nested properties!
baz: 'text',
},
// The `reg` property contains a regular expression and only if the
// validation object contains an identical regular expression, it is going
// to pass.
reg: /abc/i,
},
);
// Fails due to the different `message` and `name` properties:
assert.throws(
() => {
const otherErr = new Error('Not found');
// Copy all enumerable properties from `err` to `otherErr`.
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(err)) {
otherErr[key] = value;
}
throw otherErr;
},
// The error's `message` and `name` properties will also be checked when using
// an error as validation object.
err,
);
使用构造函数验证 instanceof
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.throws(
() => {
throw new Error('Wrong value');
},
Error,
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.throws(
() => {
throw new Error('Wrong value');
},
Error,
);
使用 RegExp
验证错误消息
使用正则表达式会在错误对象上运行 .toString
,因此也会包含错误名称。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.throws(
() => {
throw new Error('Wrong value');
},
/^Error: Wrong value$/,
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.throws(
() => {
throw new Error('Wrong value');
},
/^Error: Wrong value$/,
);
自定义错误验证
该函数必须返回 true
以指示所有内部验证都已通过。否则,它将失败并抛出一个 AssertionError
。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
assert.throws(
() => {
throw new Error('Wrong value');
},
(err) => {
assert(err instanceof Error);
assert(/value/.test(err));
// Avoid returning anything from validation functions besides `true`.
// Otherwise, it's not clear what part of the validation failed. Instead,
// throw an error about the specific validation that failed (as done in this
// example) and add as much helpful debugging information to that error as
// possible.
return true;
},
'unexpected error',
);
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
assert.throws(
() => {
throw new Error('Wrong value');
},
(err) => {
assert(err instanceof Error);
assert(/value/.test(err));
// Avoid returning anything from validation functions besides `true`.
// Otherwise, it's not clear what part of the validation failed. Instead,
// throw an error about the specific validation that failed (as done in this
// example) and add as much helpful debugging information to that error as
// possible.
return true;
},
'unexpected error',
);
error
不能是字符串。如果提供字符串作为第二个参数,则假定error
被省略,并且字符串将用于 message
。这会导致容易忽略的错误。使用与抛出错误消息相同的错误消息将导致 ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT
错误。如果考虑使用字符串作为第二个参数,请仔细阅读下面的示例。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
function throwingFirst() {
throw new Error('First');
}
function throwingSecond() {
throw new Error('Second');
}
function notThrowing() {}
// The second argument is a string and the input function threw an Error.
// The first case will not throw as it does not match for the error message
// thrown by the input function!
assert.throws(throwingFirst, 'Second');
// In the next example the message has no benefit over the message from the
// error and since it is not clear if the user intended to actually match
// against the error message, Node.js throws an `ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT` error.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, 'Second');
// TypeError [ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT]
// The string is only used (as message) in case the function does not throw:
assert.throws(notThrowing, 'Second');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Missing expected exception: Second
// If it was intended to match for the error message do this instead:
// It does not throw because the error messages match.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, /Second$/);
// If the error message does not match, an AssertionError is thrown.
assert.throws(throwingFirst, /Second$/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]
const assert = require('node:assert/strict');
function throwingFirst() {
throw new Error('First');
}
function throwingSecond() {
throw new Error('Second');
}
function notThrowing() {}
// The second argument is a string and the input function threw an Error.
// The first case will not throw as it does not match for the error message
// thrown by the input function!
assert.throws(throwingFirst, 'Second');
// In the next example the message has no benefit over the message from the
// error and since it is not clear if the user intended to actually match
// against the error message, Node.js throws an `ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT` error.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, 'Second');
// TypeError [ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT]
// The string is only used (as message) in case the function does not throw:
assert.throws(notThrowing, 'Second');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Missing expected exception: Second
// If it was intended to match for the error message do this instead:
// It does not throw because the error messages match.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, /Second$/);
// If the error message does not match, an AssertionError is thrown.
assert.throws(throwingFirst, /Second$/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]
由于容易混淆且容易出错的符号,请避免将字符串作为第二个参数。